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ARTIKEL ASLI
DERMATITIS KONTAK ALERGIK CAT RAMBUT (* MAKALAH TERBAIK KONAS XII PERDOSKI PALEMBANG, 2-5 JULI 2008)
Arum Krismi, Ermadi Satriyo Sudibyo, Niken Indrastuti
Bagian/ SMF Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin FK. Universitas Gadjah Mada/RS dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta
ABSTRAK

     Dermatitis kontak alergik (DKA) cat rambut adalah suatu reaksi imunologik kulit yang terjadi pada individu dengan predisposisi genetik, yang disebabkan oleh cat rambut. Cat rambut banyak digunakan baik oleh laki-laki maupun perempuan di seluruh dunia untuk mengubah warna alami rambut dan menutupi proses penuaan dengan menyembunyikan rambut uban. Laki-laki 50 tahun mengeluh bintil-bintil merah gatal di kulit kepala, wajah dan leher bagian belakang sejak ± 1,5 tahun yang lalu yang timbul ± 1-2 hari setelah mengecat rambut dengan cat rambut permanen. Pada daerah preaurikular, dagu dan leher bagian belakang terdapat papul eritematosa dan hiperpigmentasi mul tipel , sebagian berkelompok disertailikenifikasi, sebagian dengan erosi dan ekskoriasi. Tes tempel dengan 24 alergen standar Eropa Trolab®, alergen tambahan sabun Lux®, sampo Rejoice®, cat rambut Wella Decore® memberikan hasil positif alergi terhadap cat rambut Wella Decore®, serta iritasi terhadap paraben mix 16% dan sabun Lux®. Terapi simtomatis yang diberikan menghasilkan perbaikan klinis. Komponen para-phenylenediamine (PPD) merupakan sensitizer tersering pada cat rambut. Hingga saat ini terdapat lebih dari 100 bahan dalam cat rambut permanen (prekursor dan couplers) yang merupakan sensitizer kuat atau sedang. Penatalaksanaan DKA cat rambut adalah menghindari sensi tizer penyebab, serta terapi simtomatis dengan antihistamin oral dan kortikosteroid topikal.( MDVI 2011; 38/3:124 - 128)

Kata kunci: Dermatitis kontak alergik, cat rambut, para-phenylenediamine

ABSTRACT

       Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to hair dye is a skin immunologic reaction on genetically predisposed individual, caused by hair dye. Men and women around the world dyed their hairs to change the natural color of the hair and to cover the ageing proccess by hiding grey hairs. A 50 year-old man complaining of having red, itchy pimples on the scalp, face and back of the neck since ± 1,5 years ago every ± 1-2 days after coloring his hair with permanen hair dye. On preauricular area, chin, and back of the neck there were multiple eritematous and hyperpigmented papules, some were confluent, with lichenification, some with erosion and excoriasion. Patch test using the European standard allergens of Trolab®, nonstandard allergens: Lux® soap, Rejoice® shampoo, Wella Decore® hair dye were positive, allergic to Wella Decore® hair dye and irritation to paraben mix 16% and Lux®  soap. Para-phenylenediamine (PPD) is the most common sensitizer found in hair dye. Until now, there are more than 100 different precursors and couplers found in hair dyes which are moderate or strong sensitizer. Management of ACD to hair dye is avoiding the suspected sensitizers, and symptomatic treatment with oral antihistamin and topical corticosteroid. (MDVI 2011; 38/3:124 -128)

Keywords: Allergic contact dermatitis, hair dye, para-phenylenediamine


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