ARTIKEL ASLI
PENURUNAN SINTESIS MELANIN OLEH EKSTRAK METANOL BUAH PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA PADA MOUSE MELANIMA B16 CELL LINE
Reti Hindritiani,* Dikdik Kurnia, Setiawan,* Muchtan Sujatno,**** Endang Sutedja*
Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran/ RS dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung Laboratorium Kimia Organik-Jurusan Kimia Fakultas MIPA Universitas Padjadjaran **Bagian Ilmu Faal Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadj
ABSTRAK
Bahan depigmentasi dari tanaman saat ini semakin sering digunakan. Mekanisme kerja bahan depigmentasi terutama melalui inhibisi tirosinase yang merupakan enzim utama sintesis melanin. Bahan depigmentasi yang dikembangkan harus efektif menghambat kerja enzim tirosinase dan tidak toksik terhadap melanosit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh ekstrak metanol buah Phyllanthus emblica (P. emblica) terhadap sintesis melanin. Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental dasar menilai penurunan sintesis melanin oleh ekstrak metanol buah P. emblica dengan mengukur jumlah melanin dan aktivitas tirosinase secara spektrofotometrik pada kultur sel melanosit mouse melanoma B16 cell line. Selain itu diukur pula sitotoksisitas ekstrak terhadap melanosit dengan metode 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah melanin dan aktivitas tirosinase menurun bergantung dosis pada perlakuan dengan berbagai konsentrasi ekstrak metanol buah P. Emblica. Inhibition concentration 50% (IC50) untuk melanin 42,853 g/ml dan aktivitas tirosinase 73,083 g/ml. Ekstrak tidak menunjukkan efek sitotoksik yang bermakna, jumlah sel hidup masih lebih dari 90% pada konsentrasi 100 g/ml dengan nilai lethal dose 50% (LD50) 239,207 g/ml. Ekstrak metanol buah P. emblica mempunyai potensi sebagai bahan depigmentasi, karena mampu menurunkan sintesis melanin dengan menghambat aktivitas tirosinase tanpa efek sitotoksik yang bermakna.(MDVI 2011;38/4:154 - 159) Kata kunci: Phyllanthus emblica, melanin, tirosinase, sitotoksisitas, melanoma B 16 cell line
ABSTRACT
Recently, depigmenting agents derived from natural plants are more frequently used. The main mechanism of action is by inhibiting tyrosinase, the primary enzyme in melanin synthesis. Therefore, depigmenting agents developed should be effective in inhibiting tyrosinase action and should not be toxic against melanosit. The main aim of the study was to assess the impact of Phyllanthus emblica (P. emblica) methanol extract towards melanin synthesis. The study was a basic experimental study which evaluated decrement of melanin synthesis by methanol extract of P. emblica by measuring the number of melanin and tyrosinase activity using spectophotometer on melanocytes culture from mouse melanoma B 16 cell line. In addition, cytotoxicity against melanocytes was also measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The result revealed variable concentrations of methanol extract from P. emblica decreased the number of melanin and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 of 42,853 g/ml and 73,083 g/ml, respectively. The extract did not show significant cytotoxic effect, more than 90% cells were still viable at a concentration of 100 g/ml, with LD50 of 239,207 g/ml. Methanol extract from P. emblica is a potential depigmenting agent because it decreases melanin synthesis through inhibition of tyrosinase activity without causing significant cytotoxic effect. (MDVI 2011;38/4:154 - 159) Keywords: Phyllanthus emblica, melanin, tirosinase, sitotoksisitas, melanoma B 16 cell line

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