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ARTIKEL ASLI
JENIS DAN CARA PENGGUNAAN OBAT ANESTESI LOKAL PADA BEDAH KULIT
Rusnawi Faisol, Theresia L. Toruan, M.T. Kamaluddin
Bagian/Departemen IK Kulit dan Kelamin FK Universitas Sriwijaya/RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin - Palembang
ABSTRAK

    Anestesi lokal selalu digunakan pada bedah kulit dan tidak ada tindakan bedah tanpa anestesi. Berdasarkan struktur molekul, obat anestesi lokal terbagi dua kelompok yaitu ester dan amida.  Mekanisme kerja obat anestesi lokal adalah menghambat hantaran impuls pada membran sel saraf dengan meningkatkan permeabilitas ion natrium melalui cara teori natrium trap dan teori ekspansi.
Golongan amida dimetabolisme di dalam hepar dan golongan ester dimetabolisme di dalam plasma serta hepar. Obat anestesi lokal memiliki beberapa efek samping, misalnya pada susunan saraf pusat, saraf otonom, neuromuscular junction dan semua jenis otot. Teknik infiltrasi merupakan teknik yang sering digunakan pada bedah kulit.

ABSTRACT

    Local anaesthesia always used in skin surgery, there are no surgical intervention without anaesthesia. Based on its molekular structure local anaesthesia drugs devided into two groups, ester and amide. The mechanism of action of local anaesthesia drugs are inhibit impuls transmission in cellular membrane by increasing permeability of sodium ions, there are two kinds of theory : sodium trapand and expansy theory.
Amide was metabolized in hepar, and ester was metabolized in plasma and hepar. Local anaesthesia drugs causing many different side effect in central nervous system, autonom nerve, neuromuscular junction and all kinds of muscles. The infiltrative technique is the most commond technique in skin surgery.


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