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Selama dua dasa-warsa terakhir prevalensi kusta di dunia telah berkurang secara bermakna, namun insidensnya tidak banyak mengalami penurunan. Intervensi pada masa penularan penyakit merupakan kunci keberhasilan program eliminasi kusta. Pemeriksaan mikroskopis dan histopatologis mempunyai keterbatasan untuk digunakan secara masal pada konteks kerja lapangan. Diagnosis dan ketepatan klasifikasi menjadi lebih sulit pada kasus dengan gejala dan tanda klinis yang belum nyata. Perkembangan tes serologi berdasar antibodi anti phenolic glycolipid-1 (PGL-1) dimulai dengan dikembangkannya metode ELISA untuk mengukur kadar antibodi anti PGL-1, dan terus berkembang dengan penggunaan metode-metode yang mudah dikerjakan dalam konteks kerja lapangan seperti MLPA, ML-dipstick serta yang terbaru ML-Flow test. Perkembangan ini juga menjadikan tes serologi lebih mungkin digunakan untuk meningkatkan ketepatan klasifikasi pasien, identifikasi pasien kusta stadium subklinik, pemantauan keberhasilan terapi, deteksi dan prediksi kejadian relaps, diagnosis kasus pure neural leprosy dan memperkirakan risiko terjadinya reaksi kusta.

Kata kunci: kusta, tes serologi, PGL-1

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Since 1992 leprosy prevalence has significantly decreased but its incidence has not decreased in a similar way. The interruption of leprosy transmission is one of the main challenges for leprosy control programs. Microscopic and histopathology examination have limitations in the context of field works. Leprosy patient with no marked clinical signs is difficult to be diagnosed and classified accurately, unfortunately delayed diagnosis or inaccurate classification increases the chance of leprosy spreading in the community. The tremendous development in the test for the serological diagnosis of leprosy (TSDL) based on PGL-1 started with the development of ELISA, and then now it have already developed some methods such as MLPA, ML-dipstick and ML Flow test. These new methods make TSDL now possible in increasing the accuracy of leprosy classification, identifying sub clinical leprosy, monitoring drug resistance, diagnosing pure neural leprosy, and predicting relapse and a risk of leprosy reaction.

Keywords: leprosy, PGL-1, serology.