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Imiquimod adalah senyawa sintetik baru yang merupakan famili imidazoquinolon. Imiquimod adalah agen imunomodulator topikal yang dapat digunakan untuk berbagai dermatosis,  terutama sebagai antivirus dan antitumor. Mekanisme yang pasti belum diketahui, tetapi dikaitkan dengan kemampuan menginduksi sitokin inflamasi. Aplikasi topikal imiquimod meningkatkan produksi sitokin, termasuk sitokin utama untuk aktivitas antivirus,  yaitu interferon-α. Sitokin ini berperan pada kaskade imunologis yang menyebabkan stimulasi respons imun alami dan respons imun didapat. Modifikasi imun ini menyebabkan imiquimod secara in vivo berperan sebagai antivirus, antiproliferatif, dan antitumor secara tidak langsung. Sifat tersebut memungkinkan imiquimod berpotensi tidak hanya efektif untuk kutil genital, tetapi juga untuk infeksi virus kulit lainnya dan neoplasma kulit. Imiquimod adalah pengubah respons imun yang pertama disetujui FDA untuk pengobatan kutil genital dan perianal pada tahun 1997. sejak pertama kali dipasarkan, sifat antivirus dan antitumor telah digunakan untuk pengobatan berbagai kondisi dermatologis. Kelainan kulit yang dapat dihilangkan dengan imiquimod di antaranya adalah kutil genital/perianal, keratosis aktinik, dan karsinoma sel basal superfisial.

Kata kunci: Imiquimod, sitokin inflamasi, antivirus, antitumor

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Imiquimod is a novel synthetic compound that is a member of the imidazoquinolone family of drugs. It is an immune response modifier used topically for various dermatoses especially as antiviral and antitumor. The precise mechanism is unknown but appears related to induction of inflammatory cytokines. Topical application of imiquimod elevates the production of cytokines, including the principal cytokine for antiviral activity, namely  interferon-α. This is the initial event in immunologic cascade resulting in the stimulation of the innate immune response as well as the cell-mediated pathway of acquired immunity. This immune modification mediates the indirect antiviral, antiproliferative and antitumor activity of imiquimod in vivo. These properties highlight the potential of imiquimod not only as an effective treatment for genital warts, but also as a treatment for other cutaneous viral infections and cutaneous neoplasm. Imiquimod, is an immune response modifier first FDA-approved for the treatment of external genital and perianal wart in 1997. Since its appearance on the market, its antiviral and antitumor properties have been used in the treatment of a variety of dermatologic conditions. Common skin conditions that may be eradicated with imiquimod are emphasized (external genital/perianal wart, actinic keratosis, superficial BCCs).

Key words: Imiquimod, inflammatory cytokines, antiviral, antitumor